The course develops in students a critical awareness and understanding of the relevance of translation theory to the practical concerns of the translator; it familiarizes students with fundamental concepts and major theories applied in translation studies. The course is taught in English, providing lists of terms and summaries in English, Lithuanian, and German. Course content: Translation theory before the Twentieth Century. The key concept of `equivalence'. Skopos theory (Reiss/Vermeer); Translating the foreign: the (in)visibility of translation (Venuti). Translation Studies as an interdiscipline. Be able to assess the complexity of the text meant for translation and to identify the main problems of the translation task in the context of translation theories. Chesterman's translation norms. Functional theories of translation: text type (Reiss); translational action (Holz-Mänttäri); Nord`s translation- oriented text analysis. Discourse and register analysis approaches (Halliday; House). To identify the limits of translation transformations. The Translation Shift approach: Stylistique comparée (Vinay/Darbelnet); Catford and translation shifts. To evaluate the place occupied by translations in the development of cultural life. Varieties of cultural studies. Systems theories. Polysystem theory (Even-Zohar); Toury and descriptive translation studies