he emphasis of this course is on more complex grammatical constructions, discourse considerations, and the usage of formal vocabulary of the type expected of university students. Students practice various styles of organization, types of argumentation, and methods of analysis used in academic writing. Undergraduates are not allowed to drop ESL courses once the semester begins. ESL courses must be taken for 3 s.h. and may not be taken P/N or S/U. A minimum grade of C (2.00) is required to satisfy the University of Iowa's English Language Proficiency Requirement.